Combined head and neck blood supply/cardiovascular system/lymphatics/immunology/microbiology
Hi guys, could someone help me with question 5 about that table we have to fill in for the immunology questions. Does it have something to do with active and passive immunity?
yeah maria, active and passive make up the dual nature of adaptive immune system. The active portion is composed of our own antibodies (either naturally garnered from exposure to pathogen, or artifically gained from immunisation). the passive portion is from acquired antibodies (natural source is from maternal antibodies, and artifical is from serums).
ahhh yes yes...thankyou deary...serums meaning 'boosters'? ...also, with the question 'fill in the blanks'...i know the front line is skin and mucosal membranes...but what about the second non-specific factors...is that like neutrophils, NK cells and macrohpages??
You are conducting an extra oral exam on your 20 year old patient, Rob, who has been complaining of feeling lethargic and quite ill. You notice that the lymph nodes in Rob’s neck are raised, swollen and tender. Rob is suffering from acute pain from his gingival tissues that look fiery and the papillae are cratered and ulcerated. Rob is a smoker and has been under a lot of stress from uni work. Explain what is happening in this situation. Do you know what gingival condition Rob is suffering from? What is causing Rob’s lymph nodes to be swollen?
Robert is suffering from: Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (otherwise referred to as Vincents Disease). This kind of gingiva can be coated in a 'creamy exudate'. Patients will experience pain, halitosis and in extreme cases (such as robert) show cervical lymphadenitis.
THe bacteria Borrelia vincentii (i guess that's why it's called Vincents disease!)then travels from the gingiva through periodontal pockets (as you'd expect periodontitis from a chronic smoker), into interstitual spaces and then into lymphatic system, thus causing lymphanodopathy (increase in size and consistency of lymph nodes...increase in the amount of WBC present)
question: I'm a bit confused about the blood supply to the upper 6 tooth. Something about the MB root having an alternative supply? So the rest of the tooth is fed by the posterior superior alveolar artery, whereas the MB root is by the middle superior or anterior superior??
Hi Maria yes the upper 6 is a 'funny' tooth in terms of it's nerve and blood supply. The PSA goes to the DB and palatal roots and the MSA supplies the MB root. About 30% of people don't have an MSA, but for anatomical purposes we 'assume' there is one there. If no MSA the PSA does the whole job. Sorry if this is confusing, but that's the way it is! Cathy
yeah that's what each side drains into..or is it where they return to the venous system...anyway, is it like...the facial/buccal/ submental/submandibular/occipital and mastoid nodes drain into the upper deep cervical...then into the inferior deep cervical...down the juglar trunk...and then into the superior vena cava?
> nitrogen fixing > producing gases such as methane, natural gas > not sure if the manufacturing of cheese, yoghurt and red wine would be part of 'nature'...but it's still a point. > decomposition of non living organims (recycling i guess). > great contributors to total earth biomass
Not sure if that answers the question correctly..I tried!! What did you come up with?
yep i mentioned nitrogen cycle. in regards to normal flora becoming bad, did you just say their migration from normal environment and transmission to a more susceptible host? its worth 8 marks i wasnt sure what else to say
yup yup...i thought of that as well...and not much else! I don't think Dr. Gull really went into detail there...might have to re listen to his lectures
hey maria, for the first line of defense, I thought that they were neutrophils and macrophages? im not too sure though. just in a bit of confusion atm lol.
but but don't they say the skin is the 'first line of defence'...that phrase is like burnt into my brain...and for the pathogen to have an effect on the body it first has to either penetrate the skin...or move across a mucosal membrane...that's my justification right there. =] What are you learning for micro?
mmm i guess, i just remember in a lecture or something hearing 'neutrophils and macrophages are the first line' but i guess it does make sense about the skin and membranes. lol im just going through all the lectures, not too sure where else to refer to lol how bout you?
Hypertension meaning high blood pressure (tension on walls of blood vessels) exerts lots of pressure on the heart...so myocardium then becomes weaker over time...treated by anithypertensive meds...one being calcium channel blockers and alpha-blockers which would then have an effect with adminstering local anaesthetics..these meds also cause emesis among other side effects...thus, erosion
causes of: numerous >diabetes >obesity >age >smoking >deficient in vitamin D >poor involvemnt in phsyical activity >contraceptive pill
yeah maria, active and passive make up the dual nature of adaptive immune system.
ReplyDeleteThe active portion is composed of our own antibodies (either naturally garnered from exposure to pathogen, or artifically gained from immunisation). the passive portion is from acquired antibodies (natural source is from maternal antibodies, and artifical is from serums).
ahhh yes yes...thankyou deary...serums meaning 'boosters'? ...also, with the question 'fill in the blanks'...i know the front line is skin and mucosal membranes...but what about the second non-specific factors...is that like neutrophils, NK cells and macrohpages??
ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteYou are conducting an extra oral exam on your 20 year old patient, Rob, who has been complaining of feeling lethargic and quite ill. You notice that the lymph nodes in Rob’s neck are raised, swollen and tender. Rob is suffering from acute pain from his gingival tissues that look fiery and the papillae are cratered and ulcerated. Rob is a smoker and has been under a lot of stress from uni work. Explain what is happening in this situation. Do you know what gingival condition Rob is suffering from? What is causing Rob’s lymph nodes to be swollen?
ReplyDeleteRobert is suffering from: Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (otherwise referred to as Vincents Disease). This kind of gingiva can be coated in a 'creamy exudate'. Patients will experience pain, halitosis and in extreme cases (such as robert) show cervical lymphadenitis.
ReplyDeleteTHe bacteria Borrelia vincentii (i guess that's why it's called Vincents disease!)then travels from the gingiva through periodontal pockets (as you'd expect periodontitis from a chronic smoker), into interstitual spaces and then into lymphatic system, thus causing lymphanodopathy (increase in size and consistency of lymph nodes...increase in the amount of WBC present)
question: I'm a bit confused about the blood supply to the upper 6 tooth. Something about the MB root having an alternative supply? So the rest of the tooth is fed by the posterior superior alveolar artery, whereas the MB root is by the middle superior or anterior superior??
ReplyDeleteHi Maria
ReplyDeleteyes the upper 6 is a 'funny' tooth in terms of it's nerve and blood supply. The PSA goes to the DB and palatal roots and the MSA supplies the MB root.
About 30% of people don't have an MSA, but for anatomical purposes we 'assume' there is one there. If no MSA the PSA does the whole job.
Sorry if this is confusing, but that's the way it is!
Cathy
Dearest Cathy....I get it now!! thankyou very much =]
ReplyDeleteWhat is the route of lymph from the right side of the face to the superior vena cava? What is the route on the left side to the vena cava?
ReplyDeletethoracic duct & right lymphatic duct...?
ReplyDeleteyeah that's what each side drains into..or is it where they return to the venous system...anyway, is it like...the facial/buccal/ submental/submandibular/occipital and mastoid nodes drain into the upper deep cervical...then into the inferior deep cervical...down the juglar trunk...and then into the superior vena cava?
ReplyDeleteApart from recycling waste material, how are bacteria important in nature?
ReplyDeleteapart from recycling waste material:
ReplyDelete> nitrogen fixing
> producing gases such as methane, natural gas
> not sure if the manufacturing of cheese, yoghurt and red wine would be part of 'nature'...but it's still a point.
> decomposition of non living organims (recycling i guess).
> great contributors to total earth biomass
Not sure if that answers the question correctly..I tried!! What did you come up with?
yep i mentioned nitrogen cycle.
ReplyDeletein regards to normal flora becoming bad, did you just say their migration from normal environment and transmission to a more susceptible host? its worth 8 marks i wasnt sure what else to say
yup yup...i thought of that as well...and not much else! I don't think Dr. Gull really went into detail there...might have to re listen to his lectures
ReplyDeletehey maria, for the first line of defense, I thought that they were neutrophils and macrophages? im not too sure though. just in a bit of confusion atm lol.
ReplyDeletebut but don't they say the skin is the 'first line of defence'...that phrase is like burnt into my brain...and for the pathogen to have an effect on the body it first has to either penetrate the skin...or move across a mucosal membrane...that's my justification right there.
ReplyDelete=]
What are you learning for micro?
mmm i guess, i just remember in a lecture or something hearing 'neutrophils and macrophages are the first line' but i guess it does make sense about the skin and membranes. lol im just going through all the lectures, not too sure where else to refer to lol how bout you?
ReplyDeleteyer same...i'm having a short break...watching top gear..so funny...umm...are you studying all the staphlococcal slides??
ReplyDeletedoes anyone have any idea what an oral health graduate would need to have an understanding of the treatment and causes of hypertension?
ReplyDeleteHypertension meaning high blood pressure (tension on walls of blood vessels) exerts lots of pressure on the heart...so myocardium then becomes weaker over time...treated by anithypertensive meds...one being calcium channel blockers and alpha-blockers which would then have an effect with adminstering local anaesthetics..these meds also cause emesis among other side effects...thus, erosion
ReplyDeletecauses of: numerous
>diabetes
>obesity
>age
>smoking
>deficient in vitamin D
>poor involvemnt in phsyical activity
>contraceptive pill
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteDon't forget that the majority of anti-hypertensive medicines cause dry mouth!
ReplyDelete